Eicosanoids in the Innate Immune Response: TLR and Non-TLR Routes

Eicosanoids in the Innate Immune Response: TLR and Non-TLR Routes

The variable array of pattern receptor expression in different cells of the innate immune system explains the induction of distinct patterns of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. Peptidoglycan and mannan were strong stimuli in neutrophils, whereas the fungal extract zymosan was the most potent stimulus in monocyte-derived dendritic cells since it induced the production of PGE(2), PGD(2), and sev...

Immune Responses through TLR Activation Sertoli Cells Initiate Testicular Innate

Modulation of Innate Immune Responses via Covalently Linked TLR Agonists

We present the synthesis of novel adjuvants for vaccine development using multivalent scaffolds and bioconjugation chemistry to spatially manipulate Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. TLRs are primary receptors for activation of the innate immune system during vaccination. Vaccines that contain a combination of small and macromolecule TLR agonists elicit more directed immune responses and prolo...

Distinct TLR adjuvants differentially stimulate systemic and local innate immune responses in non-human primates Authors

Toll-like receptor ligands (TLR-L) represent novel vaccine adjuvants, but their immunological effects in humans in-vivo remain poorly defined. Here we analyzed the innate responses stimulated by different TLR-L in rhesus macaques, a relevant preclinical model for vaccine testing. MPL (TLR4-L), R-848 (TLR7/8-L) or CpG-ODN (TLR9-L) induced rapid (3hr) and robust (>92% of WBC) expansion of blood n...

HSV ICP0 recruits USP7 to modulate TLR-mediated innate response.

Pattern recognition receptors represent the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encodes multiple ligands detected by these receptors, yet persists in the majority of infected individuals indicating a breakdown in host defense against the virus. Here we identify a novel mechanism through which HSV immediate-early protein ICP0 inhibits TLR-dependent inflam...